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sensory,motor s2018

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2018-05-30 12:57:04 -07:00
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vision2.md
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## Important visual system terms
## Visual system terminology
* **Optic disc, optic nerve**- All the retinal ganglion cell (RGC) axons exit the eye at the optic disk (results in a blind spot) and form a big myelinated nerve called optic nerve (cranial nerve II).
* **Optic chiasm**- where the optic nerve enters the brain, at the base of the hypothalamus.
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## The pupillary light reflex
* Light hits retina, sends out axons to both sides of brain that go to the pretectum
* Pretectal neurons project to contra- and ipsi-lateral Edinger-Westphal nuclei (in midbrain)
* Pretectal neurons project to contra- AND ipsi-lateral Edinger-Westphal nuclei (in midbrain)
* Edinger-Westphal nucleus projects to the ciliary ganglion (PNS)
* Ciliary ganglion projects to the constrictor muscle in the iris. Shining light in one eye leads to constriction of both eye’s muscles
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## Circuitry responsible for the pupillary light reflex
* Question: Where is the site of injury if shining a light into the left eye causes both eyes to constrict but shining light into the right eye does not cause either eye to constrict?
<div style="float:left; width:500px; margin:0 25px"><img src="figs/Neuroscience5e-Fig-12.02-1R_42f8886.jpg" height="400px"><figcaption>Neuroscience 5e Fig. 12.2</figcaption></div>
<div style="float:left; width:400px; font-size:0.7em">
<div></div>
* Question: Where is the site of injury if shining a light into the left eye causes both eyes to constrict but shining light into the right eye does not cause either eye to constrict? <!-- .element: class="fragment fade-in" -->
* **right optic nerve** <!-- .element: class="fragment fade-in" -->
<figure><img src="figs/Neuroscience5e-Fig-12.02-1R_42f8886.jpg" height="300px"><figcaption>Neuroscience 5e Fig. 12.2</figcaption></figure>
</div>
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* However some patients can still "guess" what an object is. Implies that there are other projections from eye to brain (superior colliculus) that can somehow compensate for loss of V1
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Midterm 2 will cover lectures 07 – 13, including material from Chapters 5 (p. 96 – 106), 6, 9, 10, 11, 12